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Rotavirus

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Definition

Rotavirus is an infection of the stomach and intestines. It is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children.

Rotavirus can easily pass from person to person.

Digestive Tract

Causes

A rotavirus infection is caused by a specifc type of virus.

The virus is passed through the stool of someone with rotavirus. The infected stool can pass the virus to hands, surfaces, objects, food, or water. The virus then enters the body when any of these infected items come in contact with the mouth.

Risk Factors

People with the highest chance of rotavirus include:

Infants and young children
Children who attend daycare or any public childcare setting
Adults who care for young children, especially children who wear diapers
Children or adults with household members who have the virus

Symptoms

Symptoms of rotavirus may vary from person to person but may include:

Fever
Vomiting
Watery diarrhea
Abdominal pain

These symptoms can range from mild to severe. They often last about 3 to 8 days.

Diagnosis

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Your doctor may be able to diagnose the infection based on your symptoms. A stool sample may be taken. The sample will be examined for the presence of the virus.

Treatment

There is no treatment for rotavirus itself. Viruses do not respond to antibiotics.

Some treatments may be needed for symptoms caused by the infection. For example, dehydration may need to be treated with:

Rehydration fluids—such as Pedialyte for children
IV fluids—if dehydration is severe

Prevention

Good hygiene is the best way to help reduce the spread of rotavirus. This includes, taking the following steps:

Wash your hands often.
If someone in your house has rotavirus, encourage everyone to wash hands more often.
Always wash your hands:
- After using the toilet
- After changing a baby's diaper or helping a child use the toilet
- Before handling or preparing food

There is a vaccine to prevent rotavirus in babies. Your baby may need two or three doses between the ages of 2-6 months.

RESOURCES

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.cdc.gov

US Food and Drug Administration http://www.fda.gov

CANADIAN RESOURCES

About Kids Health http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca

Health Canada http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca

References

Rotavirus. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/rotavirus/index.html. Updated October 28, 2010. Accessed February 20, 2013.

Rotavirus. American Academy of Pediatrics Healthy Children website. Available at: http://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/vaccine-preventable-diseases/Pages/Rotavirus.aspx. Updated January 16, 2012. Accessed February 20, 2013.

Rotavirus gastroenteritis. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what. Updated February 7, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2013.

Rotavirus vaccine access and delivery. PATH website. Available at: http://sites.path.org/rotavirusvaccine/. Accessed February 20, 2013.

Rotavirus Vaccine Live Oral. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: http://www.ebscohost.com/dynamed/what. Updated January 25, 2013. Accessed February 20, 2013.

12/14/2009 DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance DynaMed's Systematic Literature Surveillance : Leder K, Sinclair M, Forbes A, Wain D. Household clustering of gastroenteritis. Epidemiol Infect . 2009;137(12):1705-1712.

Revision Information

Reviewer: Brian Randall, MD
Review Date: 02/2013 -
Update Date: 02/20/2013 -

This content is reviewed regularly and is updated when new and relevant evidence is made available. This information is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with questions regarding a medical condition.

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